Management Style At Marriott Hotel Commerce Essay

The executives Style At Marriott Hotel Commerce Essay Possibility the executives is the most pervasive of all administration ideas for the basic explanation that it gives the fundamental adaptability to create methodologies which relate to every individual association. Embracing an adaptable administration style permits an association to be progressively versatile to changes in both the miniaturized scale (inward) and large scale (outer) conditions. Leicester Marriott has embraced a type of possibility the board which rotates around the human relations approach, whereby past investigations have indicated that specific factors are instrumental to representative fulfillment. Marriott gives gigantic significance to its partners, as they at last are the motivation behind why the brand has been effective for such a large number of years. Partner conclusions are profoundly esteemed by individuals from the board, so they are regularly required to go to meetings to generate new ideas where key issues are talked about. Such contribution should clear a path for improved profitability and effectiveness, as having a contribution to the choices taken in ones office is essential to satisfaction at work, which may likewise positively affect different parts of partner life. Individuals from the board realize that to boost productivity, representatives must be granted a degree of obligation inside the association, and in particular, be regarded and rewarded as basic individuals from the association. The five-star Grand Hotel Excelsior (GHE) in Malta isn't claimed or run by any lodging network, however is exclusive by a British family. It began tasks around four years prior, and has since ascended to get probably the best lodging on the island, alarming any semblance of Hilton, Westin and Le Meridien which command the extravagance convenience Market in Malta. The Excelsior is associated with the Iprefer gathering, which offers bought in individuals various advantages, for example, unique limits and offers for Iprefer inns all through the world. At the Excelsior, divisions between upper administration and their subordinates are commonly perceptible, a characteristic which is suggestive of bureaucratic administration. Nonetheless, most extreme regard and appreciation is appeared to representatives when errands are done effectively, and the senior supervisor frequently focuses on the way that the lodgings achievement is owed to its workers. Not at all like Marriotts attempted and tried way to deal with the board, the Excelsiors chiefs and directors needed to devise an administration style which fit the associations prerequisites. In doing as such, preparing has been given first concern and is completed by in-house pros, just as by some of Maltas driving counsel organizations. Through close to home understanding, delicate administration is a lot of present inside the rooms division as administrators know that receiving hard administration won't be useful. The work of hard administration may make representatives dread their bosses, to the degree that truancy may increment, and representatives may look for openings for work somewhere else. Nonetheless, this doesn't imply that supervisors ought not, when important, show authority. Assignment 2 Using an association where you have worked assess the job and capacity of in any event one chief. Investigate the initiative style of your picked association with one of the pioneers for the situation study. At the Grand Hotel Excelsior, Front office workers are the first to communicate with visitors, and should along these lines venture the lodgings picture of extravagance and demonstrable skill by being all around prepared, polite, proficient, and cordial. The lobbys great dã ©cor and warm lighting guarantee that visitors feel welcome and loose, especially night-time of movement. Upon appearance, visitors are welcomed and helped by the watchman, and are then coordinated towards the front work area where they are offered a complimentary invite drink, after which the registration procedure starts. The front office supervisor deals with all front of house tasks to guarantee that visitors are offered an Iprefer experience. The jobs and capacities relating to this position are huge and critical to the foundations achievement. The essential job of the front office chief is to create and hold proficient associations with visitors and non-visitors, with the point of having them return over and over. In any case, he knows that the best way to give a consistent visitor experience is to guarantee that his group is, above all else, rewarded consciously. Front of house activities relating to the front office director incorporate however are not restricted to; exploring the lodgings room accessibility status and exceptional visitor demands, settling visitor protests, inspecting remark cards, partaking in the day by day head of office (HOD) gatherings, helping his colleagues at the front work area when it gets occupied, and when fundamental, welcome VIP visitors and guarantee that their registration go as easily as could be expected under the circumstances. He profoundly values his groups input and frequently sets up casual gatherings to talk about any issues which they have confronted or are confronting, and requests proposals to moderate such issues to guarantee that the front office works as productively and successfully as could be expected under the circumstances. Execution the board and representative inspiration are firmly connected to administration. The front office chief adjusts positive administration to his administration style, which is critical to guarantee that representatives embrace an uplifting mentality towards work and are not latent towards their obligations. Execution the board and inspiration likewise guarantee that benefit conjectures are reached, administrations are steady, and the general condition is sure. At last, visitors anticipate an incentive for cash, and should along these lines be offered an encounter which meets, or all the more suitably, surpasses their desires. Execution the board at Leicester Marriott Partner execution is key to any associations achievement. Possible partners at Leicester Marriott must experience a multi day acceptance before beginning work, to talk about key territories extending from a clarification of the companys organigram to handicap separation mindfulness. The methods received range from talks to broad media introductions as corporate movies. When the executives is happy with their presentation, they are broadly educated by their specialization supervisors. The contextual investigation focuses on that the pace of improvement inside the organization is exclusively up to the individual, so they should figure out how to oversee themselves in like manner. This happens to be a key trait of the human relations approach. When a month a gathering is set up among partners and their administrators to talk about and manage any issues before they lead to any decreases in consumer loyalty and different irregularities. By decreasing staff turnover, the nature of the administrations rendered, the benefit acquired, and the capacity of staff to advance inside the association to higher positions will be significantly more probable. In-house just as online projects are offered to workers who wish to improve their abilities and execution, while chiefs are prepared at other Marriott foundations. This would permit administrators to see how various foundations experience their every day business, and how albeit each Marriott inn plans to give a quality encounter, every foundation has one of a kind highlights which make them alluring, for example, exceptional dã ©cor, one of a kind amusement, or extraordinary individuals from staff, for example. Execution the executives at the Grand Hotel Excelsior On the web and meeting based courses are offered complimentary to individuals from staff on a month to month premise, whereby abilities, for example, social thankfulness and mindfulness, and various others can be upgraded. Preparing is continually offered to individuals from staff in-house, by inn representatives just as expert counsel organizations. The board accepts that it is critical for workers to get the most ideal preparing in order to have the option to give a consistent encounter to visitors and non-visitors. Enlistment preparing is ordinarily one day long for those picking to work at front office, and this happens in a gathering room on the premises. Being such a relentless industry, most preparing happens at work. During the initial barely any long stretches of business, representatives at front office must log down their advancement in an advancement record, and take any fundamental notes. Any issues which are experienced ought to be managed promptly to stay away from superfluous mistakes later on. After the crucial components of broadly educating have been secured, representatives must experience a test whereby the abilities got are inspected. Inspiration at Leicester Marriott Marriott accepts that there are different methods for inspiration for staff other than getting a pay toward the month's end. Representatives should feel like they are esteemed for their commitments to the associations achievement. Staff is boosted through various plans, for example, limits and elite offers while remaining at Marriott properties. They may then again select to get vouchers for top of the line shops as opposed to utilizing their Marriott remain. Albeit different inspirations regularly eclipse working conditions, conditions at work may in reality lead to de-inspiration. To evade this, the board gives quality container administrations, simple access to uniform, broad taxi benefits, just as other fundamental variables. Different inspirations come as group building works out, where representatives can become more acquainted with one another better and create more grounded proficient connections, just as departmental trips, grills, dress gatherings, Oscar parties, worker of the month and exceptional individual honors services, just as gratefulness week. Inspiration at the Grand Hotel Excelsior Inspiration is an essential piece of initiative, as each one of the individuals who structure some portion of a group must be remunerated somehow or another or another for their endeavors. Maslows progressive system of necessities has a necessary impact in ones execution at work. It expresses that for an individual to carry on with a satisfying life there must be the important establishments set up. The fulfillment of the fundamental

The Various Roles of the US President Free Essays

The US President is the head of condition of the United States, the CEO of the government, just as the president of the US military. As such he is likely the most impressive individual on the planet who employs extensive forces got from the US constitution, the super-power status of the US, and the impact and notoriety of his office. The workplace of the US Presidency has developed throughout the years and is no more equivalent to conceived by the country’s establishing fathers; the forces of the President presently depend as much on the protected arrangements as on authentic points of reference, the idea of the occasions, and the characteristics of the president himself. We will compose a custom paper test on The Various Roles of the US President or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now This article quickly depicts the different jobs of the US President with explicit reference to the administration of George W. Hedge. 1.Expanded Role of the Presidency: From the hour of the principal US President (George Washington) to the furthest limit of the nineteenth century, the administration had a constrained job confined basically to the execution of strategies made by the Congress. As the US turned into a world and mechanical force in the twentieth century, a more grounded administration was required for dealing with the country’s international strategy and its developing residential economy. The Great Depression of the 1930s and the Second World War saw a further development of the President’s job a job that perseveres to date. Aside from the power of conditions industrialization, war, discouragement, fear based oppressor assaults and so forth., certain solid presidents, e.g., Abraham Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson, and Franklin Roosevelt assisted with extending the forces of the workplace by the power of their characters and unequivocal activities at suitable occasions. (Greenberg and Page, 355-3 59) 2.Ceremonial Role: The President of the United States is the leader of the legislature just as the head of state, not at all like in most different popular governments in which the two obligations are typically shared by a ruler and a PM or a president and a PM. Henceforth the US president additionally satisfies a formal job, for example, going to memorial services, commending commemorations and so forth in any case saved for the head of state. (In the same place. 360) 3.Executive Role As CEO of the government, the US President is contributed with expansive official forces to run the everyday issues and working of the legislature. He does so predominantly by giving official requests that convey the power of law, to the heads of government organizations for coordinating their tasks. Different kinds of official requests might be national or country security mandates gave by the President. Under the official powers, the President designates, and the Senate affirms, the leaders of every official office and offices, along with several other high-positioning government authorities. For instance, one of the main official requests of President G.W. Shrubbery was the designation of John Ashcroft as the Attorney General in December 2000.1 Other kinds of official requests gave by the US President incorporate usage of significant strategy matters, particularly in the midst of national crises. For instance, Franklin Roosevelt requested the internment of japanese-Americans during WW2 through an official request; Presidents Johnson and Nixon utilized official requests to lauch the governmental policy regarding minorities in society projects, and President Bush built up the Office of Homeland Security in the wake of the 9/11 assaults. (On the same page., 371) 4.Legislative Role: Although the US Constitution gives the forces of enactment only to the Congress, the President has come to assume a significant job in this circle as well. A great part of the enactment is drafted by the Congress at the activity of the President who gives his recommendations through his yearly State of the Union Address, or through unique messages to the Congress. The President’s forces of influence, in addition to his capacity to impact general supposition are basic in getting his proposed enactment passed by the Congress. What's more, his veto powers-he can veto any demonstration of the Congress that stands except if the 66% greater part of the two houses supersede the veto-is likewise gives a significant state really taking shape of laws. (â€Å"Powers of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) On the off chance that a similar Party as the President’s controls the Congress, as at present, the prerequisite of veto only from time to time emerges as the Congress underwrites a large portion of his proposed legislations.2 For instance, President Bush has had the option to get the PATRIOTS Act passed easily in spite of its dubious decrease of the American citizens’ common freedoms. 5.Foreign Policy Leader and Commander-in-Chief: Article II of the US Constitution allows a lead job to the President in the international strategy space and his situation as the president of the military further combines that job. US Presidents have total forces to figure the country’s international strategy and don't require support of the Congress in the zone. For instance, Roosevelt and Nixon didn't require any consent, for perceiving the legislatures of socialist Soviet Union and China individually, despite the fact that their demonstrations were inversion of long-standing US approaches (Greenberg Page, 364). So also, President Bush has presented an approach of ‘pre-emption’ rather than the long-standing US international strategy of control without the need of support from some other organization. 6.Economy One of the key duties of the President in the local zone is the administration of the country’s economy. Such a job has gotten required for the President since the Great Depression of the 1930s, when the administration began to assume a more prominent job in the guideline of the economy. President Bush’s strategy of significant tax reductions and expanded barrier consumption has brought about record spending shortages yet swelling despite everything stays low. 7.Judicial Role The US President has the constitutionsl forces of assigning government judges including those of the Supreme Court, subject to affirmation by the Senate. He can likewise allow acquittal to anybody overstepping a government law. Most Presidents have utilized these forces to select adjudicators of like political reasoning, e.g., traditionalist/Republican Presidents choose moderate appointed authorities to the Supreme Court while liberal/Democrat Presidents do the inverse. For instance, President George W. Hedge has selected John Roberts Jr. as Chief Justice to the Supreme Court and Samuel Alito as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. (â€Å"George W. Bush† Wikipedia) Step by step instructions to refer to The Various Roles of the US President, Essay models

Care of Patient with Rigth Hip replacement surgery(postop to Essay

Care of Patient with Rigth Hip substitution surgery(postop to release) - Essay Example Assembly up relies upon the specialist and may begin on first day. Bed activities, for example, quadriceps withdrawal and lower leg practices are empowered for improved flow. Routine chest physiotherapy1 is given to forestall chest confusions. The techniques on the second day of activity incorporate strolling to the restroom with the assistance of a walker. The patient ought to be bit by bit ambulated to stroll with bolsters and instructed extraordinary moves to ease day by day exercises like climbing steps. Following hip tasks, the catheter ought to stay in situ for two days and the patient is all around encouraged to utilize chamber pot for his end needs. These post employable strategies may constrain your exercises, are somewhat awkward and may feel irksome. After medical procedure, Surgeons and attendants complete a few things to decrease the danger of blood clumps framing in the veins of the patients legs. On the off chance that they do frame, this can prompt expanded growing in the legs. In the event that the coagulations loosen up they may venture out to the patients' lungs and meddle with relaxing. To keep away from such intricacies, before the medical procedure, the attendant will apply flexible stockings to help keep blood from pooling in the patients' legs. The careful group may put the patient on either anti-inflamatory medicine or Coumadin to thin blood to diminish the danger of clump arrangement.

Themes of Fear in Batman Begins Essay Example For Students

Subjects of Fear in Batman Begins Essay I accept the primary topic of the film, Batman Begins, is dread. The film utilizes dread to show how it could influence the manner in which individuals live and think. It shows how dread can assume responsibility for a person, crush them totally, and conceivably pulverize a general public. It additionally shows how an individual can rather assume responsibility for dread, this is the thing that liberates individuals, on the grounds that unafraid we can do nearly anything. The characters that speak with these impacts of dread are Batman and Dr. Jonathan Crane (Scarecrow). Every one of them are presented to broad measures of dread to begin their lives. We will compose a custom article on Themes of Fear in Batman Begins explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Dread that was cause by crooks, both Batman and Jonathan lost their folks to hoodlums. From the outset the dread influences them both likewise, however over the long haul the impacts are totally extraordinary. The thing that matters is their capacity to control the dread, and the manner in which they utilized the dread. Batman utilized his dread to battle wrongdoing and spare blameless individuals to better Gotham while Jonathan utilized dread to murder lawbreakers, make more hoodlums, assault guiltless individuals, and at last endeavor to obliterate Gotham. Their control of dread is the thing that brought about them acting in these totally various manners. Batman controls his sufficiently dread to keep up a normal perspective, bringing about him having the option to tell directly from wrong, and scoundrels from blameless individuals. He lives by rules, which incorporate the powerlessness to murder somebody. These principles separate him from the reprobates, other low lives, and the class of shadows whom he took in his abilities from. This ensures he truly is having any kind of effect on the planet. At that point there’s Jonathan who can’t differentiate the great from the terrible in light of his absence of control of dread. Which empowers dread to control him and possibly drive him to attempt to decimate all of Gotham. This is the thing that transforms him into Scarecrow. Jonathan so firmly needs equity for what befell his folks that he goes out of control of executing individuals, and wrecking the city. This outcomes in ruin all through Gotham. This is a finished and articulate neglect to separate great from awful, energized by a huge need for equity. Most would ask, how could fear drive you to doing these things? Extremism originates from dread. A few models are stout individuals and psychological oppressors. Large individuals go to extraordinary lengths and conceivably starve themselves to get thinner, while psychological militants surrender their lives and perform appalling assaults on guiltless individuals in dread of their god. Batman controls his dread, Jonathan doesn’t, which brings about dread controlling him and in the end makes radicalism. Dread is likewise utilized in the medication that Scarecrow uses to surface peoples’ greatest feelings of dread. Scarecrow utilizes this medication to cause individuals to feel how he feels inside. We can relate this to the way that Bruce Wayne (Batman) utilizes the bat suit to battle wrongdoing so he can make crooks dread the bat as he fears bats. In spite of the fact that Batman can control his dread, he is likewise vulnerable to this medication. Everybody controls their feelings of dread to some point yet everybody despite everything fears a person or thing. Regardless of whether it’s something that’s never raised or never rings a bell, it’s still there. The insusceptibility of dread is inconceivable. Like the dread medication did to Gotham, dread could crush a general public in today’s world through viciousness and disorder. Savagery is made by dread and viciousness brings about disarray, this is the thing that can and will wreck a general public. Savagery will destroy a political structure since brutality hurts the individuals, and the political structure should guard the individuals. As it were, if the individuals aren’t safe, the political structure and prosperity of society aren’t safe. The dread medication shows what might occur if individuals became overwhelmed by dread and frenzy. The film recommends that it would absolutely wreck a general public. .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 , .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .postImageUrl , .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 , .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:hover , .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:visited , .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:active { border:0!important; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:active , .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:hover { darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u7d482c 772b50e678c1317a67748c3688 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u7d482c772b50e678c1317a67748c3688:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Star Wars and Odyssey Comparison Paper Essay ExampleBatman Begins works superbly of utilizing apprehension to show how it could influence people and society on a little and enormous scope. From a more minor perspective, it could totally change an individual, their ethics, and their way of life in a positive or negative manner. For a bigger scope its way additionally wrecking, totally obliterating civic establishments and social orders. Jonathan (Scarecrow) was pushed by dread, however not all hoodlums have a similar inspiration. A ton of crooks are more severe than Jonathan, a great deal of lawbreakers simply need to see the world eject in confusion, conceivably pulverizing society. This makes you figure, what might occur in the event that somebody with a decent piece of intensity was to become like Jonathan? What might befall society? Would we shut down it or would we let it destroy us from the back to front? Well never know until it occurs. We can take a gander at authentic occasions that to some degree identify with this however. For instance, what Hitler did to the Jews and encompassing nations, and what Pol Pot did to Cambodia. Both these crusades were put to a stop so we can nearly accept that on the off chance that it happens again similar outcomes will approach. The truth will surface eventually.

Enterprise Business Architecture Strategy - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Enterprise Business Architecture Strategy. Answer: Presentation Business data system is fundamental to be considered for an association for giving business time all together get a feeling of the way toward advancing and recognizing their capacities. There are normal downsides with every association for having a few reasons. The business system assists with limiting the shortcoming. In this manner, the organizations don't stumble just as languish over effect. Present investigation manages recognizing the present issues looked by Bristan and basically break down its present practices. Late issues looked by the organization are investigated in the examination with the assistance of SWOT investigation. Likewise, effect of the data frameworks on execution of business just as improvement are talked about in the paper. Alongside these, elective procedures so as to experience the operational and vital requirements for successful asset the executives framework are introduced in the examination. Bristan Group Limited is one of the biggest washroom providers in the UK. It is the parent association of Heritage Bathroom marks just as Bristan. The organization is a piece of Masco Corporation and probably the biggest producer of brand named items for clients in the reason for home improvement just as new market for home developments over the world (Bristan.com 2017). With expanding number of key exchanging accomplices, Bristan Group Limited in the current case situation is battling with exceptionally manual methodology that is locked in with managing heap of administrative work just as a great many approaching fax orders (Walker 2014). It is for the most part bringing about the preparing of moderate request alongside enormous number of mistakes. Bristan Group Limited had encountered a few issues with the current gracefully chain framework. It was not dependable and support were moderate that are conflicting at times. Likewise, there is needed versatility in the framework that outcomes changing states of the specific market just as requests of the clients of Bristan Group Limited. Driving time for the procedure of on loading up another accomplice for exchanging was long during the time spent the organization (Galliers and Leidner 2014). Likewise, every clients wish to exchange electronically with the association. The extraordinary arrangement of time just as assets was required inside the procedure of inward IT group so as to encourage the procedure of exchanges that was affecting contrarily deeply exercises of business. What's more, there are absences of perceivability of data about flexibly chain over the base of clients. It was caused for having poor correspondence with the clients for moderate assistance just as errors of the data. On opposite, the organization searched for arrangements that would permit speaking with the clients in powerful manner. This procedure upgrades the perceivability of gracefully chain data (Bristan.com 2017). It limits the mistakes just as speed the technique of including new clients alongside reacting to the changing needs of the clients. The association requires upgrading the efficiencies in the request procedure for the clients. The objective of Bristan Group Limited is to expel the blunders that are produced during the procedure of manual organization of the requests through post, fax just as email. The organization has chosen to redistribute their B2B electronic exchanging needs to Wesupply (Bharadwa et al. 2013). It permits availability to their base of clients through single stage. It empowers the procedure of more noteworthy perceivability just as control of their requesting procedure of clients. Examination of current practices Drnevich and Croson (2013) remarked that one of the significant explanations behind assessing execution of the business is client support. It has been experienced mindfulness among the organizations about the ability of utilizing appropriate strategy and innovation with the goal that it can abuse just as apply the chosen things adequately. Bristan Group Limited didn't get ready for utilizing new technique just as innovation for satisfying the vital purposes. The mistakes are by and large caught in the preparing of requests before that affect the general execution just as expenses of the association, which is identified with the past manual procedure that has been limited. Bristan Group Limited has made improvement in the client assistance (Schaper et al. 2014). An association doesn't have fitting designs for utilizing data framework so as to satisfy the vital purposes viably. In any case, it squanders the assets through utilizing the advanced IS arranging framework. Client assistance has a significant job so as to upgrade execution of business for Bristan Group Limited (Bristan.com 2017). On the off chance that the organization utilizes client care framework in powerful manner, the progression of administrations for clients just as significant jobs in the business would improve the administration. The significant point of the organization is to improve the administrations for clients just as expel the blunders from manual organization process. Moreover, it is required to improve the administration for client in successful manner. In any case, client assistance is an expansive thought, which fundamentally satisfies the necessities of understanding the clients. Hence, the best assistance is offered to the necessities of customers and effectively managing significant snapshot of client life cycle (Albeladi, et al. 2014). Accordingly, better client is showed up so as to impact the favorable circumstances in the assembling procedure just as conveyance to client administrations. So as to dissect the present issues, SWOT examination would be useful. Qualities Solid just as driving situation in the UK (Al-Mudimigh 2015) England Group is probably the biggest provider of restroom There are a few outlet for selling results of the organization High level of adaptability just as settling on quick choices Experienced supervisory crew Sound capital base for being a piece of Masco Corporation Moderate just as reasonable business strategy Shortcoming Absence of progress in client request process Less utilization of current innovation Slow procedure of accepting request by means of post, fax and email Absence of utilization in B2B electronic exchanging needs Feeble administration data framework (Bristan.com 2017) Require assets of high staffs Openings Searching for re-appropriated arrangement A future structure of the entire market would satisfy the necessities of clients Presenting B2B electronic gadget strategy Compelling specialized technique with partners (Spil et al. 2016) Dangers Expanding rivalries from outside business sectors just as residential markets Change of client prerequisites Longer than anticipated term so as to progress economies of scales Different organizations utilize quicker procedure for conveyance Increment of crude material costs Table 1: SWOT examination (Source: Created by Author) Break down current issues Shave and Myrick (2016) remarked that it is essential to dissect the ongoing issues looked by the organization for finding the center qualities just as existing escape clauses of the organization. Bristan Group Limited has reinforced for being solid just as driving situation the nation over just as the world. The organization is probably the biggest provider of washroom in the UK. Moreover, different outlet of the organization assists with expanding business of the association. There is likewise high level of settling on adaptability and settle on quick choices in the executives of the association. It is critical to have encountered supervisory crew to send viable procedure in the association (Bristan.com 2017). Henceforth, it is critical to make sound capital base as the piece of Masco Corporation. There is likewise traditionalist and practical strategy for business. Then again, there are needs upgrading the request handled by the organization and less use of present day innovation. Likewise, slow systems of getting the requests by means of post, fax and email. It makes moderate procedure in conveying requests to the clients. There are likewise absences of utilization in B2B electronic exchanging necessities (Grover and Kohli 2013). Besides, feeble administration data framework and absence of assets for high staffs are considered as one of the significant shortcoming of the association. The organization searches for re-appropriated arrangement. Likewise, there are future plans of whole market that can satisfy the necessities of the clients. Future plans of whole markets would have probability to satisfy the needs of clients. Presenting the B2B electronic gadgets procedure would be useful to open up an incredible open door for Bristan Group Limited in the market. Likewise, successful specialized strategy with a few partners would be useful to accomplish authoritative objective of the association. It is imperative to dissect dangers of an association with the goal that administration of the association that can be accomplished through SWOT investigation. Expanding number of contenders from household just as outside business sectors is considered as significant dangers for the association. The prerequisites of clients are changing (Veit et al. 2014). There are no longer things than anticipated ones so as to get achievement of the economies of the scales. Various organi zations use quicker system for conveyance, which is one of the significant dangers considered for the association. Effect of the data framework on business execution and improvement The hugeness of data framework has drastically expanded the presentation just as improvement of an association. An advanced association like Bristan Group Limited can't be envisioned without effective data framework. Then again, it is required to create resulting to a few inquires about and there has no uncertainty that can carry a few points of interest to the framework (Bristan.com 2017). Steady advancement in innovation doesn't result just in expanding execution of whole framework that can be useful to offer more prominent choice of infor

Who you gonna call

Who you gonna call Not these guys, I hope. Hopefully, instead youll call these two: Last night, LSC hosted the Mythbusters, Adam and Jamie, who came to MIT to describe some of their work and how they get inspiration for what they do. Ive never seen a more packed Kresge. Not even for a Logs concert. Mythbusters on stage. Now, what you might not know is that the Mythbusters are not foreign to MIT. (Hops into Time Machine) The year was 2005, and one day I found myself walking out of class across Killian Court to see a number of mirrors all lined out on the grass. Last year, students from Professor David Wallaces Product Engineering Process (2.009) class had the opportunity to try to bust the Archimedes Death Ray myth. So a couple students went out to San Francisco to help the Mythbusters test the myth. The early test at MIT resulted in the large flash ignition; however, when it came to the show, the MIT team along with the Mythbusters were not able to recreate the flame. More on MIT and the Archimedes Death Ray can be found here

Where B-School Students Want to Work

B-school students were surveyed on where they want to work most by the Universum USA research firm. Let’s see how this year’s results varied from last year’s and the year before: Much as with school rankings the rankings of top employers change slowly. #1 and #2 are unchanged for the last three years with Google claiming the top spot and McKinsey #2. For most of the top fifteen, these rankings mostly move around the deck chairs, but the players stay on the same deck. Still there were a few winners and losers in the Universum ranking. The winners include Price Waterhouse, which jumped a whopping 13 spots from 2013 to 2014 (27 to 14) and that was on top of a two-spot jump from 2012 to 2013. Ernst Young soared from 33 in 2013 to 23 in 2014, also following up a two-point gain the preceding year; Accenture climbed from 29 to 22; and Deloitte skipped up from 9 to 7 after moving up from 11 in 2012. Apparently the consulting and accounting firms are becoming more popular among MBAs. In fact the only consulting firm that dropped was BCG which went down an insignificant one notch from 5 to 6. Another noticeable gainer is Morgan Stanley which flew from 31 to 19, but that change was really just a reversal of its equal drop the preceding year. The losers? Starbucks sank from 15 to 24. IBM dropped from 19 to 25. BMW declined a whopping 13 spots from 23 in 2013 to 36 in 2014. Accepted.com ~ Helping You Write Your Best

Work Health and Safety Management Systems in Australian Hardware Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Australian Hardware WHS Policy on documentation of health and safety or any other relevant information on the welfare of workers is communicated to all those who are associated with the organization through different types of media such as safety manuals and safe work procedures. Also, its reports and measures on health and safety performance should be done regularly (Roughton, Mercurio, 2002, pg 62). Australian Hardware should have an extensive range of workplace health and safety documentation. This documentation should be available to all workers at the working place. There should be policy and procedure which are developed each time there is a requirement of new legislation or changes in procedures. All the information which is recorded is stored using a standard document and template control procedures. There is an overall channel which is used as a mode of communication in case there are any changes in the documentation. There are several methods which are used in risk asse ssment, risk control, risk identification and evaluation of the effectiveness of control measures. Safety audits should be conducted at least annually in order to evaluate the effectiveness of WHS policies in the workplace. Another method is to ensure that there is systematic workplace inspection. We will write a custom essay sample on Work Health and Safety Management Systems in Australian Hardware or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page These statistics help in identification of the existence of risks especially if there are incidents of injury which are reoccurring.

Illinois Wesleyan Admissions SAT and ACT, Admit Rate

Illinois Wesleyan University, with an acceptance rate of 58%, has only somewhat competitive admissions. Successful applicants generally have grades and standardized test scores that are above average. Applicants can apply with the schools application or via the Common Application. Additional materials required for the application include high school transcripts and a letter of recommendation. Admissions Data (2016): Illinois Wesleyan University Acceptance Rate: 62%GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Illinois WesleyanTest Scores -- 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 510 / 640SAT Math: 620 / 760SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanTop Illinois colleges SAT comparisonACT Composite: 25 / 29ACT English: 25 / 31ACT Math: 24  / 29What these ACT numbers meanTop Illinois colleges ACT comparison Illinois Wesleyan University Description: Founded in 1850, Illinois Wesleyan University is a private liberal arts college located in Bloomington, Illinois, a city about half way between Chicago and St. Louis. The school has an impressive 11 to 1  student / faculty ratio, and the average class size is 17 students. Students can choose from 50 academic programs from both the College of Liberal Arts and College of Fine Arts. The school takes pride in its high first-year retention rate and its 4-year  graduation rate. IWUs strengths in the liberal arts and sciences earned it a chapter of the prestigious  Phi Beta Kappa  Honor Society. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 1,771  (all undergraduate)Gender Breakdown: 46% Male / 54% Female100% Full-time Costs (2016  - 17): Tuition and Fees: $44,142Books: $800 (why so much?)Room and Board: $10,178Other Expenses: $1,600Total Cost: $56,720 Illinois Wesleyan University Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of Students Receiving Aid: 100%Percentage of Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 100%Loans: 64%Average Amount of AidGrants: $23,390Loans: $8,137 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Biology, Business, English, History, Nursing, Political Science, Psychology Retention and Graduation Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 93%4-Year Graduation Rate: 74%6-Year Graduation Rate: 81% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Swimming and Diving, Tennis, Basketball, Track and Field, Baseball, Cross Country, Golf, LacrosseWomens Sports:  Golf, Swimming and Diving, Basketball, Cross Country, Soccer, Softball, Lacrosse, Track and Field, Volleyball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Illinois Wesleyan University, You May Also Like These Schools: Bradley University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPurdue University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphNorthern Illinois University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Wisconsin - Madison: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphElmhurst College: Profile  DePaul University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWashington University in St. Louis: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMarquette University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Chicago: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAugustana College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphIllinois State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphKnox College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Illinois Wesleyan University Mission Statement: view the complete mission statement at http://iwu.edu/aboutiwu/mission1.shtml Illinois Wesleyan University, an independent, residential, liberal arts university founded in 1850, strives to attain the ideal of a liberal education while providing unique opportunities with its distinctive curricula and programs.

The Simple Past in German (Preterite)

First and foremost you need to understand this one vital difference between English and German when it comes to the simple past:The simple past is the most frequent tense used in both conversational and written English to describe an event that has happened in the past. On the other hand, the simple past is usually not expressed in spoken German – in fact in some southern German dialects, â€Å"das Prà ¤teritum† has been completely eradicated. The simple past in German is mostly used in written works, such as in stories:Es war einmal ein Ehepaar†¦ (There once was a married couple.)Der Junge schleichte sich langsam zur Tà ¼r hin und wartete einen Moment. Dann riss er die Tà ¼r plà ¶tztlich auf und fing an laut zu schreien... (The boy quietly crept to the door and waited for a moment. Then he suddenly flung the door open and began to scream†¦) Quick Facts About the Simple Past The simple past is used mostly in written German to describe an event or action that both started and ended in the past.The simple past in German is also identified as das Imperfekt.Special case: Modal verbs and the verbs haben (to have), sein (to be) and wissen (to know) are exceptions – they, unlike other verbs, will be used mostly in the simple past tense in spoken German.The common verb mà ¶chten (to want) has no past tense. The verb wollen is used instead:Ich mà ¶chte einen Keks (I would like a cookie.) - Ich wollte einen Keks ( I wanted a cookie.)The Formation of the Simple Past Tense in German German verbs are divided into weak and strong verbs and are conjugated into the simple past tense accordingly:Weak Verbs: As with other tenses, weak verbs follow a predictable pattern here as well.Verbstem -te Personal endingTake note: When the stem of a weak verb ends in either d or t, then –ete will be added:Ich rede zu viel (I talk too much) - Ich redete damals zu vie l. (I spoke too much then)Er arbeitet morgen. (He is working tomorrow) - Er arbeitete stà ¤ndig jeden Tag. (He worked steadily each day)To a beginner, this double te â€Å"stutter† sound may seem odd at first, but you see it so often in text that it will soon become second nature to you.lachen (to laugh) nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp sich duschen (To shower)Ich lachte nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Ich duschte michDu lachtest nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Du duschtest dichEr/Sie/ Es lachte nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Er/Sie/Es duschte sichWir lachten nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Wir duschten unsIhr lachtet nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Ihr duschtet euchSie lachten nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Sie duschten sichStrong Verbs:  As with other tenses, strong verbs do not follow a predictable pattern. Their verb stem changes. It is best to just memorize them. Sometimes the consonants change too, but thankfully not as drastically:ß-ss nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp schmeißen - schmissss-ß nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp giessen - goßd- tt nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp schneiden - schnittThe simple past tense of some common strong German verbs:fahren (to drive) nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp stehen (To stand)Ich fuhr nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Ich standDu fuhrst nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Du stand(e)stEr/Sie/ Es fuhr nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Er/Sie/Es standWir fuhren nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Wir standenIhr fuhrt nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Ihr standetSie fuhren nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Si e standenA small number of strong verbs have two simple past tense forms. Some of these are common verbs:erschrecken (to get scared/ to scare)- erschrak/ erschrecktehauen (to hit) - hieb/ haute (more common)stecken (to get stuck) – stak/ steckte (more common)Mixed Verbs: Mixed verbs are those verbs which have elements of both strong and weak verbs. In the case of the simple past that would mean that the stem vowel changes and the endings follow the pattern of weak verbs. A good example of mixed verbs is modal verbs. They are conjugated as follows:  Ã‚  Ã‚  kà ¶nnensollenwollenmà ¼ssendà ¼rfenmà ¶genIchkonntesolltewolltemusstekonntemochteDukonntestsolltestwolltestmusstestkonntestmochtestEr/Sie/EskonntesolltewolltemusstekonntemochteWirkonntensolltenwolltenmusstenkonntenmochtenIhrkonntetsolltetwolltetmusstetkonntetmochtetSiekonntensolltenwolltenmusstenkonntenmochten

Democracy Essay examples - 821 Words

Traditionally, the purpose of democracy is to prevent the accumulation of too much authority in the hands of one or a few. It rests on a balance of giving enough power for what Alexander Hamilton called quot;vigorous and energetic governmentquot; and avoiding giving out so much power that it becomes abused. Democracy is believed by some, such as Winston Churchill, to be the quot;least badquot; form of government. By creating a system where the public can remove administrations, without changing the legal basis for government, democracy aims at reducing political uncertainty and instability, and assuring citizens that however much they may disagree with present policies, they will be given a regular chance to change those who are in†¦show more content†¦The threat of coercive power is still the main cause for concern. A historical example would be Hitler in pre-Nazi Germany, who was elected in 1933 by the German people with the largest minority vote. For this reason, some cou ntries have created constitutions/laws that protect particular issues from majoritarian decision-making. Generally, changes in these constitutions require the agreement of a supermajority of the electednbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; representatives, or require a judge and jury to agree that evidentiary and procedural standards have been fulfilled by the state, or, very rarely, a referendum. This means a majority can still legitimately coerce a minority, but such a minority would be very small and, as a practical matter, it is harder to get a larger proportion of the people to agree to such actions. On the other hand, proponents of broader democracy wonder what gives a small minority of people the right to impose their will on the majority. â€Å"Democracy has failed to eliminate social inequality, and this seems a permanent and structural failure. It is undeniable that all democratic societies have social inequalities - substantial differences in income, in wealth, and in social status. These differences have persisted: there is no indication that inequality will ever disappear in democracies. In the stable western democracies, inequality is apparently increasing. The pattern established in the United States is, that the lowest incomes do not grow:Show MoreRelatedDemocracy Is Not A Democracy1297 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Democracy... while it lasts is more bloody than either aristocracy or monarchy. Remember, democracy never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts, and murders itself. There is never a democracy that did not commit suicide.† said by John Adams Defines our country s government to a tea Democracy commonly refers to a type of political system in which the people or their representatives lawfully go vern themselves, rather than being governed, say, by a military dictatorship, totalitarian party or monarchRead MoreDemocracy : Democracy Vs. Democracy1589 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy is a Greek invention, first practiced in the ancient Greek city of Athens. In the late 20th century, Democracy triumphed over all other major ideological systems, so overpowering was its victory that former critics now began to advocate their own democratic credentials. The vigorous rise of democracy has continued ever since and today there are over 112 self-proclaimed democratic countries around the world(Kekic 2007), whether all these countries are truly democratic or not is debatableRead MoreDemocracy And Its Impact On Democracy965 Words   |  4 Pages How are they related to democracy, concepts discuss the procedures that make democracy possible. Democracy related to our lives by looking for the right thing to do, for every one of us have equality and freedom of speech, we could have multiple ideas it might change the ideology of the country, we also could related the democracy by looking at the facts. The facts are Free Elections, Political Participation, Civil Liberties, and Functioning Government. The democracy is one of the most common typesRead MoreDemocracy And Its Impact On Democracy1329 Words   |  6 Pages Democracy is a particular form of government the means, â€Å"ruled by the people†. The Greeks are widely credited for the concept of democracy, around six B.C. Many political science experts consider the early Greek government, to be a perfect for of democracy. People had the ability to decide various government issues, and the right to suffrage. Through out time, the concept of democracy was established by many nations. The United States, is widely credited on making democracy widely used aroundRead MoreDemocracy : A Perfect Democracy1398 Words   |  6 PagesDemocracy at its purest form is a system of government, which allows each and every citizen to participate actively and equally in the decisions being made. In a perfect democracy, the decisions made the government are perfect representations of what the people want. In reality, a perfect democracy is nearly impossible, especially when dealing with a population as large as the United States, but there are still techniq ues and systems that can be implemented into a society in which democracy can beRead MoreDemocracy Vs Democracy1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthat I think has created the most success for the government and its people is democracy. The definition of democracy is a â€Å"political system of mass participation, competitive elections, and human and civil rights (Roskin 88).† This is the clear definition of democracy, but there are many different forms for example there is a representative democracy and illiberal democracy. These follow the same guideline of democracy, but have there own individual definition. Unfortunately, there is no perfectRead MoreDemocracy And Its Effect On Democracy894 Words   |  4 PagesDemocracy in its most basic form is a type of governing system ruled by the citizens of a particular society. The first form of democracy can be found in ancient Greece, and the modern form of Democracy was established in part by the French revolution because it brought bac k the idea of rule by the people. Although, for most of history democracy was not viewed in a positive light. According to Mintz, Close, and Croci many people feared democracy because they thought the masses would not act withRead MoreDemocracy And Its Effect On Democracy Essay2111 Words   |  9 PagesOver the past quarter-century, democracy has stood at the center of political debate in many countries and it is a constant concern of the political and social sciences. Since its origins in ancient Greece, democracy was seen as a form of government where power was exercised by the people, that is, where political decisions were made by the majority. Today, democracy enjoys great recognition, but it is important to bear in mind that where democracy is now the preferred constitution, we can not forgetRead MoreDemocracy And Its Lack Of Democracy2099 Words   |  9 Pagesoligarchy, democracy, and tyranny. Most shocking critique throughout the discussion is about democracy and its ineff ectiveness to rule. Plato’s disagreement of democracy does not involve of what we are acquainted with today, but rather the idea of democracy. Plato explores the central strain of the government that is acknowledged with liberty and fairness. Also, this form of government known for its embracement of freedom and equality. Plato’s description and disagreement about democracy is correctRead MoreDemocracy843 Words   |  4 PagesDemocracy Essay 1 Democracy is a means for the people to choose their leaders and to hold their leaders accountable for their policies and their conduct in office. The key role of citizens in a democracy is to participate in public life. Democracy is also a system of rule by laws, not by individuals. Democracy is not a government. It is a way of thinking and a responsibility

Region IX †Zamboanga Peninsula Free Essays

Recently we were told by our teacher to pay a visit at our campus on the occasion of a science fair giving each one of us one ticket. Accordingly, I went there and enjoyed a lot. What I saw was a fantastic arrangement of exhibits done by the students. We will write a custom essay sample on Region IX – Zamboanga Peninsula or any similar topic only for you Order Now I saw miniatures mostly about agriculture. One of the unique creations was a miniature of Terrace Farming, it is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming. As we all know, one of the popular terraces is he Banana Rice Terraces (Haggard-Haggard Palatal). Some of the miniature was describing about Contour Plowing it is plowing across a slope following its elevation contour lines. This is the kind of agricultural solution used by most farmers as a tool for weed control, prevent soil erosion, and in some cases to promote plant growth. There was also a miniature about Interloping meaning growing two different vegetables in an area at the same time to save space. On the other miniature it was about how to farm organically. According to a book that I have read, eating organic odds may in fact, reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer for individuals who abstain from consuming products produced by conventional farming methods. I also saw a miniature about animal farming. Mostly the main products of this Industry are meat, milk and eggs for human consumption. Here’s to other miniature about urban Vile which pictures out the setting of an urban place or what we call a city where you can see tall buildings and establishments and a large crowd of people. In the contrary there was a miniature with details of a Rural place where It Is located outside the city with a low population density and small settlements. And lastly, one object drew my attention. It was about family farming. Like In my hometown we have a small farm at the back of our house, and planting Is one of our ways of bonding during weekends. One of the Important features of family farms Is the Intimate connection between families and farms which creates vital links between a farm and the food being grown. I miss home. I spent full 30 minutes rooming around the science fair enjoying such wonderful creations. How to cite Region IX – Zamboanga Peninsula, Papers

Lab creates human embryos for stem cell research Essay Example For Students

Lab creates human embryos for stem cell research Essay top NORFOLK, Va. (AP) Scientists at Eastern Virginia Medical School have created human embryos from donated eggs and sperm for the sole purpose of harvesting embryonic stem cells for research, according to a study published Wednesday. Until now, researchers had derived embryonic stem cells from embryos left over from infertility treatments. Other researchers have derived adult stem cells from sources such as fat cells and bone marrow, although scientists say these types of stem cells are not as useful as embryonic stem cells. In this case, scientists approached donors and informed them that their eggs and sperm would be used to develop embryos for stem-cell research. Embryonic stem cells can mature into any cell or tissue, and scientists say they may someday be used to repair or replace damaged tissue or organs for disorders such as Alzheimers, diabetes, cancer, Parkinsons and spinal cord injuries. The results of the work by researchers at the medical schools Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine appear in the July issue of the journal Fertility and Sterility, the official publication of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine. The society believes the researchers are the first in the United States to have created embryos explicitly for stem cell research, and it was impressed with their thorough study of the ethics involved, said society spokesman Sean Tipton. At one level, its cleaner (ethically) than using leftover embryos, Tipton said Wednesday. Theres no question as to what youre going to do with these embryos. Youre going to the individuals upfront. A biotech firm, Applied Cell Technology of Massachusetts, has done something similar since early last year, but while it uses donor eggs it does not fertilize them with sperm cells. Instead, it replaces the nuclei of the donated eggs with genetic material from adult cells, and then clones the results. The company calls the subject of its research an ovumsum, not an embryo. President Bush has said he will soon decide whether to allow taxpayer dollars to be used for research on embryonic stem cells. He is under pressure from patient groups that favor the research and opponents who feel the work is inherently unethical. The Jones Institute work was criticized by religious conservatives opposed to embryo research and from others who have been working to find middle ground in the heated political battle. Its still killing a human being, Mary Petchel, president of the Tidewater chapter of the Virginia Society for Human Life, told The Virginian-Pilot of Norfolk. Scientists who conducted the work said several review panels had assessed the ethical implications and concluded that the approach was at least as ethical as using spare frozen embryos. The institutes ethics committee concluded that the creation of embryos for research purposes was justifiable and that it was our duty to provide humankind with the best understanding of early human development, the team reported in the journal. The researchers extracted eggs from 12 women, who had signed detailed informed consent documents and were paid $1,500 to $2,000 each, said William Gibbons, an Eastern Virginia reproductive endocrinologist who was not involved in the work. Of the 162 eggs collected and inseminated by donor sperm, 50 developed into embryos. The researchers destroyed 40 of those to obtain their stem cells, then isolated three lines, or colonies, of stem cells that were maintained in culture. The privately funded study began in 1997 and ended last July Bibliography: .

Macbeth And Metaphysics Essay Example For Students

Macbeth And Metaphysics Essay The Three witches in the tragedy Macbeth are introduced right at the beginningof the play. They tell Macbeth three prophesies, he will be Thane of Cawdor,Thane of Glams and King. These prophesies introduce him to ideas of greatness. Macbeth will eventually follow through on killing king Duncan. This brings intothe play, idea of fate and the role with which it has in the play. The witchescould foretell the future, they can add temptation, and influence Macbeth, butthey can not control his destiny. Macbeth creates his own anguish when he isdriven by his own sense of guilt. This causes him to become insecure as to thereasons for his actions which in turn causes him to commit more murders. Thewitches offer great temptation, but it is in the end, each individualsdecision to fall for the appeal, or to be strong enough to resist theircaptivation. The witches are only responsible for the introduction of theseideas and for further forming ideas in Macbeth head, but they are notresponsible for his actions throughout the play. Lady Macbeth is shown early inthe play as an ambitious woman with a single purpose. She can manipulate Macbetheasily. This is shown in the line That I may pour my spirits in thineear. (I,V, 26) Befor e the speech that Lady Macbeth gives in act one scenefive, Macbeth is resolved not to go through with the killing of the king. However, Lady Macbeth says that it would be on his manliness and his bravery ifhe didnt. This then convinces Macbeth to commit regicide. Although Macbethhas the final say in whether or not to go through with the initial killing, heloves his wife and wants to make her happy. She is the dominating individual inthe relationship which is shown in her soliloquy, This have I thought good todeliver thee, my dearest partner of greatness, that thou mightst not lose duesby rejoicing by being ignorant of what greatness is promised the. Lay it to thyheart, and Farewell.(I, V, 7-10) Once Macbeth kills for the first time, hehas no choice but to continue to cover up his wrong doings, or risk loosingeverything he has worked so hard for. In the end, it all comes to Macbethhimself. Everyone is responsible for his own destiny. This is an essential themein this tragedy. Macbeth, chooses to gamble with his soul and when he does this,it is only him who chooses to lose it. He is responsible for anything he doesand must take total accountability for his actions. Macbeth is the one who madethe final decision to carry out his actions. He made these final decisions andcontinued with the killings to cover that of King Duncan. The killing of Duncanstarts an unstoppable chain of events in the play that ends with the murder ofMacbeth and the suicide of Lady Macbeth. In the beginning, Macbeth had all ofthe qualities of an honorable gentleman who could become anything. This is allshattered when his spirit overrides his sense of honorability. Although Macbethis warned as to the validity of the witches prophesies, he is tempted andrefuses to listen to reason from Banquo. When the second set of prophesiesMacbeth receives begin to show their faults Macbeth blames the witches fordeceiving him with half truths. While the witches are not totally responsiblefor the actions of Macbeth, they are responsible for introducing the ideas toMacbeth which in turn fired up Macbeths ambition and led to a disastr ous andunnecessary chain of events. .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0 , .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0 .postImageUrl , .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0 , .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0:hover , .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0:visited , .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0:active { border:0!important; } .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0:active , .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0 .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucfc5dcd7628d54138f6224321a2bfdd0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Dirty South EssayShakespeare

Sample of Short Philosophical Essay

Sample of Short Philosophical EssayIf you are writing a sample of short philosophical essay for university or a professional journal, you will probably find that there are some 'rules' that apply to this task. Although these essays may be varied in length, the style and substance should not be too dissimilar. A short piece such as this can be considered as an ideal method of simply expressing your views on a subject without worrying about the content.In general, you have to go for a long essay when writing a philosophical essay because it presents you better on the subject matter. However, you should avoid going beyond a particular length when composing the sample. And keep in mind that it is an essay so the quality of it needs to be considered.A typical essay consists of four parts; the introduction, the body, the conclusion - that is the critical part. Thus, your first aim should be to organize these parts in the most creative way possible. After that, you will need to come up with an interesting title for your work.An interesting title can also make it more attractive to read. Even if you are only expressing your personal opinion, having a catchy title can make a difference. Just bear in mind that you will not always want to go for the title which is too simple or plain.In writing a philosophical essay for a professional journal, the focus should always be on what is known as the main idea, the main idea of the essay. It is highly recommended that you make sure that you get the major point across in your work. This will make the rest of the essay easier to understand and give the reader the impression that they are reading something worth their time.It is very easy to write a short essay for the term paper or a professional journal. Writingthem is generally a one-day job, and it is never too difficult to write an essay for less than a few hundred words. Sometimes, the goal of the writer is to create a novel that contains the theme of the essay as its main co ncept, which may even be longer and more extensive than the topic of the essay itself.It is true that each of these essays is different from the other but you must still keep in mind that the quality of the essay is also determined by its content. The first of the two steps to developing a quality philosophical essay is being able to make the title work.

Identify the major reasons causing the light pollution Essay Example

Identify the major reasons causing the light pollution Paper Identify the major reasons causing the light pollution in urban areas. Examine the methods to control excessive usage of external lighting. BY aakk1234991 Light pollution is an issue that affects the livability of a city. Although it is not always considered as a serious environmental concern, it Is an issue that has serious impact on the environment, ecology and society. Outdoor lighting Is designed with a purpose. External lighting Is considered as functional lighting. However, over-11th outdoor lamps including traffic lamps and advertisement spotlights have led to 377 implants to various government departments in 2009 (Imaging, 2010). The problem of light pollution have arouse much concerns. Are there any government policies that regulate the lighting at night and protect the dark sky of Hong Kong? This paper argues the main causes of light pollution as well as evaluating current polices on restricting unnecessary lighting In the city. To begin with, the term light pollution must be defined first. According to the International Dark-sky Association (IDA), light pollution is defined as any adverse effect of artificial light including sky low, glare, light trespass, light clutter, decreased visibility at night, and energy waste (IDA, 2010). Urban sky glow is defined as the brightening of the night sky over inhabited areas (IDA, 2009). Light trespass is defined as light falling to places where it is not Intended, wanted or needed (IDA, 2009). Clutter is the bright, confusing and excessive groups of light sources commonly found In over-11th urban cycles (IDA, 2009). The combined effects of sky glow, light trespass and clutter leads to light pollution in the city. There are 2 main objectives of outdoor lighting. The first objective is to revive visibility (Marinara Schroeder, 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on Identify the major reasons causing the light pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Identify the major reasons causing the light pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Identify the major reasons causing the light pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Traffic light and headlights on motor vehicles are essential to provide a certain amount of visible distance for the drivers to drive safely. Headlights are designed such that the maximum amount of luminous flux Is parallel to the road. However, there Is always light escaped from the designed direction and reach the outer part of the road. As a result, observers standing beside the road can receive a considerable amount of unwanted light (Marinara Schroeder, 2004). The huge amount of traffic on roads therefore is a great cause for eight pollution. The second purpose of outdoor lighting is to decorate the city at night (Marinara Schroeder, 2004). Commercial activity at night must come along with a well lit environment. People are attracted by high-quality outdoor lighting on the streets to go shopping and leisure activities at night, Neon lights, outdoor advertisements and spotlights are the characteristics of the night view of Hong Kong. A Symphony of Lights organized by the Hong Kong Tourism Board since 2004 is a synchronized laser and light multimedia display which has attracted millions of rigorists (Tourism Commission, 2005). Tourists are also attracted to see the charming view of the Victoria Harbor at night. However, the charming night view of the Harbor has become the cover story of an International astronomy magazine, being an commercial activities at night are another reason for light pollution. Observations for astronomy objects are very difficult to make as a consequence of light pollution. Lighting of industrial sites, airports, building sites, road and street lighting, advertising signs, floodlighting of buildings, lighting of sports facilities may interfere tit astronomical observations (Marinara Schroeder, 2004). A phenomenon called sky glow is the reason for dimmed astronomy objects. The upward light from poorly designed lamps are scattered and reflected downwards by aerosols in the atmosphere, reducing the details of the night sky (Motion 2002). Stargazing activities are therefore seriously affected by sky glow as many of the twinkle stars are covered up by the bright night. Wasted lighting is costly to the environment. The greenhouse gases produced and fossil fuel consumed on lighting is notable. Although street lighting consumed only 0. % in overall electricity consumption in 2009 (Census and Statistics Department, 2008), the overall effect cannot be neglected. Road lamps in Hong Kong are automatic. When the environment reach a certain darkness level. However, the lamps will not be turned off if there is no body nearby. They are kept on for the whole night even though they are not in use. Advertisement boards waste even more energy. A non-government organization Friends of the Earth launc hed a Ridiculous Lightings Vote in 2008. Spotlight outside the Windsor House was elected as the most ridiculous lighting by more than 600 citizens. The luminance level was 10,000 lug, which was 20 times brighter than a normal office (FOE, 2008). High-rise buildings in Hong Kong always use spotlights and LED to make their appearance sharper at night. One can see the advertisement display on the wall of Hopeless Center in Hawaiian across the Harbor. Even worst is that these highly laminated advertisement boards remain bright the whole night long. Another environmental group, Green Sense, conducted a study in 2007 to examine the number of neon lights, advertisement boards and spotlights that are still operating in major roads in Mongo Kook and This Shah Thus at 2300. The study revealed that a total of 1330 spotlights were used for 120 advertisement boards. 91 neon lights were still operating even though the shop concerned was closed (Green Sense, 2007). This kind of decorative lightings are obviously a kind of wastage. Light pollution has a significant impact on individuals health. Human beings are adapted too light/dark regime of 12 hours of sunlight and 12 hours of darkness depending on latitude and season (as cited in Ashram, 2009, p. 23). According to Ashram (2009), The primary unction of the human circadian rhythm, as set by the internal clock and outside visual reference, is the release of hormones that help to regulate varying bodily functions in response to the internal perception of time (p. 25). Light pollution is a form of annoyance. According to the World Health Organization, annoyance is described as follows, Annoyance is a feeling of displeasure associated with any agent or condition believed to affect adversely an individual or a group (as cited in Marinara Schroeder, 2004, p. 79). Friends of the Earth (HOOK) discovered that more Han 1900 street lamps are mounted on the wall of buildings. These lamps are too close to the residents and cause nuisance to them (FOE, 2009). They are like a kind of free bedside light turned on for the whole night with a strong intensity. A local resident, Mr.. Fond, described, The floodlight here switches off after 1200. The light is floodlight. In order to have good rest, I have to put up three layers of curtain (Sing Tao Ltd, 2007). It is obvious that this kind of wall lamps may cause annoyance to the residents. Nevertheless, the impact on health caused by light pollution is significant ND cannot be neglected. To be frank, there is no single department dealing with light pollution currently. Even worst is that there is no laws and guidelines regulating the problem of over-lit outdoor lamps. The former Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works, Dry Sarah Lila replied to a question raised in a Legislative Council meeting in 2007 as follow: Light nuisance that may result from advertisement light boxes on the external face of buildings for the purpose of advertisement is not subject to control under the existing environmental legislations E light intensity of these facilities and whether they cause nuisance to nearby residents falls outside the current scope of control. (HUSSAR Government, 2007) The government cannot control any of the measures that directly lead to light pollution such as light intensity, direction of the luminous flux and angle of operation. Secretary for Transport an d Housing, Ms Eva Change, expressed that the government would consider the feasibility of legislation to regulate external lighting in the view point of energy wastage in a meeting in the Legislative Council in 2009 (HUSSAR Government, 2009). This suggests that the government would only consider the perspective on energy wastage but not the impact of light pollution on individuals and the ecosystem. As there is no measures that deal with light pollution, what methods can be used to regulate unnecessary external lighting? Light pollution cannot be alleviated solely by private initiative since it is not a problem that directly threatens the health of the general public. Legislation, therefore, is the only way to deal with the problem (Marinara Schroeder, 2004). In some Europe countries like the Czech Republic, Belgium and Spain, legislation have been made concerning light pollution. In other parts of the world, various guidelines and regulations have been adopted (Olivarez del Castillo et al. , 2003). Zoning and hour of restriction (curfew time) are the 2 parameters that are generally used to control light pollution (Marinara Schroeder, 2004). Zoning is a method dividing areas into zones. One of the methods is dividing the city into environment sub-zones (Marinara Schroeder, 2004). Different standards of restrictions are imposed in different areas. The city would be beautified by a decent environmental zoning scheme. An effective environmental zoning scheme also discourages unwanted light and alleviates light pollution (Aka, 2008). Hour of restriction (curfew time) is a method restricting the operating time of outdoor lightings. The major consideration of setting hour of restriction is to ensure a better resting environment at night. In order to identify the appropriate time for restricting outdoor lightings, working and rest hour are the 2 major considerations. As for the case in Hong Kong, 1 1 pm would be a suitable time. However, switching off outdoor advertisement light boxes may decrease incentives for entertainment at night and even mislead others that the shop is closed. Nevertheless, curfew time would be an effective way of alleviating light pollution (Aka, 2008). To conclude, It can be seen that light pollution causes serious destruction to the society and the environment. Lack of regulations is the main reason that leads to brightened night sky. By taking suitable The aim of achieving sustainable usage of energy and utility can be met. After implementing suitable measures to regulate light pollution, the city would be a more livable place to live in.

What Is a Republic vs a Democracy Understanding the Difference

What Is a Republic vs a Democracy Understanding the Difference SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you look closely at the United States Pledge of Allegiance, you’ll see that it calls the United States a republic. It reads: "I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.† So what does that mean, exactly? Can the United States be both a democracy and a republic? And what is the difference between a democracy and republic, anyway? As it turns out, there are subtle, but important, differences between a democracy and a republic, and that the definitions aren’t mutually exclusive. In other words, it’s complicated. But don’t worry! Knowing the differences between a republic vs a democracy is important for tons of AP exams, including both history tests (U.S. and world) and both government and politics tests (U.S. and comparative). That’s why we’ve put this guide together for you. By the end of this article, you’ll know the definitions of a democracy and a republic, how they operate, the differences between them, and where the United States fits into the discussion. So let’s get started! What Is a Democracy? The term â€Å"democracy† comes from the combination of two Greek words: â€Å"demos,† meaning â€Å"the people,† and â€Å"kratia,† which means â€Å"power or authority.† Thus, a democracy refers to a type of government where the power to govern rests with a country’s people rather than a ruling family (a monarchy) or a single individual (totalitarianism). That means that citizens control how their government operates, usually through voting. The Origins of Democracy The term â€Å"democracy† first pops up in the 5th century BCE to refer to the government in Athens, Greece. Between 508 BCE and 322 BCE, Athenians governed themselves in what is now referred to as a pure democracy. (Don’t worry...we’ll go into that a little later.) Ancient Athenians didn’t have anyone to represent them in government; instead, everyone had a voice- literally. Debates on topics of governance were held publicly in what was referred to as The Athenian Assembly, and every male Athenian citizen had individual voting rights. Not only that, but qualified citizens were given time off of work and a stipend to help make sure every voice was heard! Through the Assembly, every voice could weigh in on every issue, and all laws and rules of governance were established based on majority rule. While this type of democracy would eventually be replaced by a more representative form of government, the underlying idea- that government works best when it's run by its citizens- would go on to influence the governance of most of the Western world, including the United States. The 3 Major Types of Democracies With growing populations and more complex systems of government, the Athenian method of one voice, one vote doesn’t always work. So as the world has changed, democracy has changed with it. Here are the three major types of democracies seen in the world today. Direct Democracy Also known as pure democracy, direct democracy is democracy in its most basic form. Just like the Athenians at the Assembly, direct democracy lets each qualified individual shape policy by casting a direct vote. In other words, citizens are directly involved in the political process! In this system, political decisions are made based on what the majority of voters decide. Each qualified person casts a vote, and the category with the most number of votes wins. The benefits to a direct democracy are that it lets each person, regardless of class, race, or economic position have a voice. However, in practice, direct democracies often exclude certain groups. For instance, in ancient Athens, only male citizens had the right to participate in direct democracy. Women, criminals, and slaves- even though they were subject to Athens’ laws and policies- were denied a voice. Additionally, direct democracy doesn’t always work well on a large scale. That’s because there are an overwhelming number of decisions that need to be made to keep governments running. Examples of Direct Democracy in Action Because direct democracy can be unwieldy on the national level, there are few countries that use it as a primary governmental system. But that doesn’t mean direct democracy doesn’t exist anymore! Here are some examples of where you can see direct democracy in action. Switzerland: Switzerland, a country of roughly 8.2 million people, uses direct democracy to run its local, regional, and federal governments. Every citizen over the age of 18 weighs in on how the country should be run, and because votes are so important, they are held four times a year and scheduled decades in advance. Also, as a direct democracy Switzerland lacks an elected Head of State. Instead, the country has a Federal Council which is elected by the Federal Assembly (which works like the Athenian Assembly) every four years. Each year, a new person from the Federal Council is elected to serve as president! Local Elections in the U.S.: Because the populations are much smaller, local, municipal, and county elections often rely on direct democracy to make sure government is serving the will of the people. Local laws and referendums are often put up for a majority vote where every vote counts. State Elections in the U.S.: Fourteen states allow citizens to design legislation and put it up for a vote through what are called ballot initiatives. Each state lets an individual citizen create a ballot initiative, and if it gets enough signatures via petition, it gets put on a statewide ballot where it passes by majority vote. The catch? In order to go on the ballot, each initiative must be ruled constitutional by the state courts, too! Representative Democracy The second type of democracy is a representative democracy (sometimes called indirect democracy). In this system of government, certain individuals are elected to represent the will of the people. These people, often referred to as elected officials, are chosen to vote on behalf of a specific group of citizens. These groups can be defined in many ways. Sometimes people are grouped by neighborhood, by city, by county, or even by province or state. The idea behind a representative democracy is to streamline the process of government. Because elections where everyone weighs in are logistically difficult, having a small number of people representing the desires of the majority allow for much faster decision making. This is especially important when governments are representing a large number of people, and it’s one of the reasons why many federal governments use indirect democracy to operate. But representative democracy comes with drawbacks, too. One of the biggest problems is that in most cases, representatives aren’t required (by law, constitution, etc.) to actually represent the will of their constituents. They’re able to make their own decisions, which can mean that elected officials are more prone to corruption. Additionally, there’s the problem of the vocal minority. Have you ever heard the term, â€Å"the squeaky wheel gets the grease†? It just means that the people who complain the loudest are often the ones who get the most attention. So sometimes a few people who complain loudly are mistaken for representing the majority of their community. Examples of Representational Democracy in Action Because representational democracy works best on a larger scale, most Western governments operate this way (if the country is democratic, of course). Here are a few examples of representational democracy in action. The U.S. Legislature: The U.S. Legislature is a federal representational government, meaning that the representatives who serve create laws that apply to the entirety of the United States. The legislative branch is split into two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. In the Senate, each state elects two people to represent their interests on the national level. In the House of Representatives, the number of representatives from each state is determined by population, so bigger states have more representatives. In both cases, all the representatives are elected by majority vote in their respective states. (Note: this is different than other representative democracies, like the United Kingdom parliament, where one house is elected and the other house is appointed by the Prime Minister or President.) U.S. State Legislatures: U.S. state legislatures work exactly like the federal legislature, only on a smaller scale. Each state has both a senate and a house of representatives, and the state’s residents elect representatives based on the districts they live in. This allows each state’s residents to have a say in how their state is governed. The Canadian Government: Like the United States, Canada holds popular elections where a handful of representatives are chosen to represent the citizenry at both the provincial and the national level. The elected officials serve in The House of Commons, which is similar to Congress in the United States. Each of Canada’s 10 provinces are also representative democracies where elected officials represent the will of their province’s citizens. Constitutional Democracy A constitutional democracy is the third major type of democracy in operation today. Constitutional democracies are characterized by having structures in place that limit the power of the majority. Put another way, constitutional democracies have constitutions or other governing documents that help regulate the power of those elected to office. To do this, constitutional democracies function based on a combination of democratic principles and the rule of law. The nation’s constitution serves as the highest form of law and outlines people’s rights as well as what the government can and can’t do. (You might say that the constitution puts limits on the government’s power in order to protect citizens freedom.) As a result, a constitutional democracy government must both uphold the constitution and still represent the will of its people. The benefit of a constitutional democracy is that it gives a country a set of principles to use as a guide for all other decisions. It also protects the citizens by guaranteeing them a certain set of rights. (For the United States, that’s â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.†) However, a constitutional democracy also limits an individual citizen’s ability to participate in government since there are strict legal parameters around what people can and can’t do. Additionally, constitutions are very hard to change. In the United States, it takes a two-thirds majority vote in Congress or a constitutional convention (or joint meeting) called for by two-thirds of the states’ governments in order to amend the Constitution! That can be a big problem, especially when aspects of the Constitution are out of date. (Check out the 13th Amendment, which prohibits slavery, or the 19th Amendment, which gives women the right to vote, to see this in action.) Examples of Constitutional Democracy in Action Constitutional democracies are a popular form of democracy around the world. We’ll talk about a few countries that use constitutional democracy below, but if you’re interested in a full list, you can find that here. The United States: Of course, the United States relies on the Constitution and the Bill of Rights to create all new legislation. It’s the job of the judicial branch- including the Supreme Court- to determine whether new laws violate the Constitution or Americans’ constitutional rights. In fact, did you know can go to school to study constitutional law? You can! Check out the Constitutional Law Reporter to learn more about how constitutional law is practiced in America today. Germany: After World War II, Germany was split into essentially two different countries, East Germany and West Germany. When West Germany was set up by the Allies, it was formed as a constitutional democracy. It wasn’t until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1991 that Germany was unified under a single constitution. Mexico: The United States’ southern neighbor is also a constitutional democracy. The Constitution of Mexico, which was ratified in 1917, was the first constitution in the world to create guidelines for social rights for its citizens, like a right to an education. (Remember: the United States initially did this through the Bill of Rights, which are the first ten amendments to the Constitution.) But Wait...Can a Country Be More Than One Type of Democracy? As you were reading through this section, you probably realized that the United States, along with many other countries, fall into more than one democratic category. That’s because a democratic country can use more than one type of democracy to run its government. For instance, a city can use direct democracy to vote in new laws and select state and federal representatives. Those representatives then participate in representative democracy, where they speak- and vote!- on behalf of their constituents. And finally, all of these actions- policy decisions, government structure, citizens’ rights, and the creation of new laws- are governed by the constitution. That means the United States is a constitutional democracy as well. This is possible because all democracies, regardless of their organizational structure, operate on a shared set of principles. Let’s take a closer look at those now. Voting is a key component of democracy Characteristics of Democracies Beyond just structure, democracies are also characterized by a shared ideology, or system of beliefs. According to Larry Diamond, a professor at Stanford and one of the foremost scholars in democracy studies, democracies have four foundational characteristics. We’ll talk about each principle in more depth below. #1: Free and Fair Elections In order to make sure that people’s voices are being heard accurately, democracies have to ensure that all voting processes are â€Å"free and fair.† But what does that mean? In order for an election to be â€Å"free and fair,† it has to be administered in a way that allows its citizens to vote and treats all political parties and candidates equally. That means the process 1) needs to be accessible to everyone who meets voting qualifications and 2) as unbiased as possible. Furthermore, in order to be as fair, these elections need to occur at a regular interval. If elections are only happening every two decades, that denies people the ability to make their voices heard! Free and fair elections are important to democracy because the voting process is the way that citizens voice their opinions and, in representative forms of government, choose the people who will represent them in higher levels of government. It also puts an important check on power. If representatives are coming up for reelection regularly, it puts pressure on them to vote in line with their constituents. Otherwise they could lose their position during the next voting cycle. #2: Citizen Participation In order for democracy to function, its citizens have to participate in the process of government. That means people have to run for office, create ballot initiatives, petition for laws and causes they believe in, and vote. Remember that the term â€Å"democracy† means that the power to rule belongs to the people. Only by exercising that power can a nation’s citizens ensure that their will is reflected in the country’s laws and structures. It’s also important that in a democracy, all citizens are given an equal right to participate regardless of where they live, what they do for work, or what culture they come from. If civic participation is limited to a certain class or race, the system becomes an oligarchy instead. (In oligarchies, a small group of unelected people hold all the governing power.) When everyone has a chance to participate, it ensures that the government accurately reflects the populace, that minority populations have a voice, and that new laws are fair for everyone. #3: Protection of Citizens’ Human Rights Perhaps most notably, democracies believe in freedom. Citizens should have the right to express their opinions and participate in democracy without fear or intimidation. Not only do democratic societies believe that creates a better life for its citizens, it also helps keep governmental power in check. If people can freely- but peacefully- express their opinions, it makes it clear when elected representatives aren’t listening to the will of the people. Even more importantly, democracies believe in the protection of people’s basic human rights. In the United States, these are outlined in the Bill of Rights, and they include the right to free speech, the right to bear arms, protection from the illegal seizure of property, and the right to a trial by jury. (Not familiar with the Bill of Rights? The Bill of Rights Institute breaks it down for you!) In other words, democracies guarantee fundamental protections to individual citizens which allows them to live in safety, freedom, and peace. #4: Equal Rule of Law Finally, the last thing all systems of democracy have in common is the rule of law. According to Dr. Diamond, the rule of law is fundamentally important to democracy because it protects the rights of citizens, maintains order, and limits the power of government. In other words, if elections are how citizens make their voices heard, then laws are the ways that citizens’ desires are enforced. It’s pretty clear how laws work in a constitutional or representative form of democracy. In a constitutional democracy, the constitution itself lays out some fundamental laws, and no other legislation can violate them. In a representational democracy, laws are created by the elected officials in order to make sure that their constituents’ concerns are being addressed. But what about a direct democracy where everyone has a voice? Well, even in ancient Athens, the oldest direct democracy, had laws to help govern the city-state. The whole point of The Assembly was to create new policies and laws that the majority of people could agree on, and those policies would govern the entire populace! Laws, then, are a tool people can use to make sure the ideals of democracy- like freedom and basic human rights- are maintained. Nick Youngson/Alpha Stock Images What Is a Republic? Whew! Now you know a lot about how democracies function and their core ideals. Now it’s time to look at a republic vs. a democracy. How are they different? Well, the answer is a little bit complicated. The term â€Å"republic† comes from theGreek word politeia, which means the â€Å"rights of citizens.† (It also comes from the Latin res publica, which means â€Å"public affair.†) In modern English, a republic is a government system where the power rests with a nation’s citizens. To do this, republics use elected officials to represent the will of their citizens within the government. In other words, republics rely on a representational form of government, just like the representational democracies we talked about earlier! Additionally, in order for a country to qualify as a republic, its head of state has to be an elected official. That means that while countries like France and Germany- which have elected presidents as heads of state- are republics. Countries with a monarch as the head of state, like Canada and the United Kingdom, are not. So to summarize: a republic is a form of government where the power a) rests with the people, b) is exercised through representative government, and c) has an elected head of state. The Origins of Republics While many ancient states were republics, one of the most notable was the Roman Republic that existed between 500 BCE and 27 BCE. During this time, Rome had expanded to encompass most of modern-day Europe along with parts of Asia and Africa. That meant that Rome was home to many different cultures, and its citizens spoke 21 different languages! This time period also marked Rome’s switch from a monarchy- where a king ruled the nation- to a constitutional government. In 509 BCE, the last Roman King, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus was overthrown and sent into exile. The Roman Senate, which was comprised of Rome’s noble families, decided to institute a new type of government. The country would now be led by two elected consuls who had equal power and would serve one-year terms. These consuls were elected by legislative assemblies made up of male citizens of Rome. These assemblies also voted on laws developed by the Roman Senate. The Roman Senate was comprised of Patricians, which were members of Rome’s noble class. The Senators were appointed by the Roman consuls, and they served as senators for life. The Senate’s job was to draft new laws that would be voted on by the Assembly. Over the next few centuries, the government of Rome would develop a set of guidelines and principles to govern the expanding country, which would coalesce into the Roman Constitution. The Constitution would remain one of the foundational governing documents of the Roman Empire up until its collapse in the 5th century CE. The countries in blue, orange, yellow, and green are all classified as republics. Types of Republics Today Remember that a republic is a nation where governmental power rests with its citizens, uses a representational government, and has an elected head of state. These are pretty general criteria, so that means there are quite a few republics today. In fact, as of 2017, 159 of the world’s 206 countries use the word â€Å"republic† as part of their official names! Additionally, the loose definition of a republic means there many different types of republics functioning today. We’ll briefly discuss the major types of republics here, but you can find more in-depth information about each one by following the links in each description. Constitutional Republic In a constitutional republic, the government is limited by laws established by a formal constitution, which is generally secular in nature. Additionally, the government is run by elected officials who are voted on by the population, and those officials are required to follow the rules of government laid out by that country’s constitution. (For more information about republics based on religion, see the section on â€Å"theological republics.†) Examples of modern constitutional republics include the countries like India and South Africa. Parliamentary Republic A parliamentary republic uses a parliamentary form of government in which the head of state runs the executive branch of government and the head of parliament runs the legislature. The legislature itself is comprised of elected officials that are voted into office by the country’s citizens. Examples of parliamentary republics include Greece, Hungary, and Malta. Presidential Republic A presidential republic allows its citizens to elect a president to serve as the country’s head of state. However, in a presidential republic, the president also serves as the head of the government, too! This is different from a monarchy, where the king or queen serves as the head of state while a prime minister or president runs the day-to-day operations of the government. Examples of presidential republics today include Brazil, Mexico, and Indonesia. Federal Republic Federal republics are countries that are actually a union of states, all of which operate on a republican form of government. In order to qualify as a federal republic, states have to have independence to make their own laws and decisions, as long as those laws don’t conflict with policies established for the entire country on the federal level. (In this way, states function as a mini-republic, complete with elected officials and an elected head of state, like a governor!) Examples of federal republics include the United States, Germany, and Switzerland. Theocratic Republic These types of republics are governed primarily by religious law. In this case, religious texts become the backbone of the nation’s governing structure and are often drafted into a religious governing constitution. That means that additional laws and policies developed by the government must also be in line with religious law. Additionally, in order to qualify as a republic, these theocracies must have an elected head of state rather than a monarchy. Examples of modern theocratic republics include Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Can a Country Be More Than One Type of Republic? Just like a country can be more than one type of democracy, a country can also be more than one type of republic! For example, Iran has a parliament- making it a parliamentary republic- but it also bases its governing structure on religious law, making it a theocratic republic. The same is true for a country like Germany, which operates on the principles of both a parliamentary republic and a federal republic. In other words, much like democracies, the types of republics we discussed above are not mutually exclusive. In fact, in order for a government to run efficiently, it must often combine governing structures. Russia is a republic but is notdemocratic Republic Vs. Democracy: What’s the Difference? You’ve probably already noticed that republics and democracies have a lot in common, namely that they both are systems where the power to govern rests with the people. So what’s the difference in a republic vs. a democracy? The major difference between a democracy and a republic is that a republic is a form of government whereas a democracy is an ideology that helps shape how a government is run. Put another way: a republic is the system of government that allows a country to be democratic! So while people tend to use the terms â€Å"democracy† and â€Å"republic† interchangeably, they aren’t exactly the same thing. The best way to understand this difference is to look at examples where a republic style of government isn’t democratic. To do this, let’s talk about two non-democratic republics: Russia and North Korea. Russia The Russian government, like many other nations, is set up like a republic. According to the Russian Constitution, the Russian president- which is elected by the Russian populace- is the head of state and runs the executive branch of government. It’s the president’s job to appoint a prime minister, whose job it is to run the government on a day-to-day basis. But in reality, Russia has operated more like a dictatorship than a democracy under current President Vladimir Putin. Although the president and other government officials are elected by popular vote, the Russian government also limits Russian citizens’ freedom, including suppressing free speech and controlling access to objective information. North Korea North Korea’s government is set up much like the United States’ and is split into three branches: the executive branch, the judicial branch, and the legislative branch. By law, the citizens in North Korea elect officials to the legislative branch through popular vote, and the legislative branch passes laws on behalf of the people. (That’s why North Korea’s full name is the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.) In actuality, North Korea is classified as a dictatorship. The current president, Kim Jong-Un, inherited his position from his father. Additionally, elections in North Korea are largely for show- only one candidate runs for each position, so people really have no choice in their representation. Beyond that, the government severely limits people’s ability to travel, so much so that many North Koreans have to pay people to smuggle them out of the country. So despite having a republican government structure- and having the term â€Å"democratic† in their country’s name- North Korea doesn’t function like a democracy on a day-to-day basis. The United States: A Democratic Republic So that leaves us with one final question: what type of government is the United States? Where does the U.S. fall in the republic vs. democracy debate? The answer is that the United States is both a democracy and a republic! The U.S. as a Republic When the founding fathers were writing the U.S. Constitution, they envisioned the United States as a republic. Alexander Hamilton and James Madison made this clear in The Federalist Papers, where they make it clear that the federal government will be made up of elected officials who represent the will of the people. In fact, many of the United States’ founders believed that a direct democracy would result in nothing more than â€Å"...instability, injustice, and confusion.† As a result, the U.S. Constitution outlines a system of government that allows people to fairly vote on representatives, and those representatives make laws in accordance to the people’s will. Each of the states’ governments are set up in the same way, which means that the states are mini-republics, too! Additionally, in order to be a republic, people must elect the person who will serve as the head of state. This is certainly true in the U.S., where citizens vote on who will serve as president of the country every four years (though whether this is a direct or indirect vote is a subject of debate thanks to the electoral college). Considering all of this, the United States works as a combination of a constitutional, presidential, and federal republic! The U.S as a Democracy Remember that the difference between a republic and a democracy comes in how each of those ideas functions in government. So if the United States is a republic because of how the government operates, it’s a democracy because of why it operates. In other words, the U.S. runs its government like a republic, but it bases its government on democratic ideals. In order to operate as a democracy, the United States has to have free and fair elections, citizen participation in government, protect citizens’ human rights, and honor the rule of law. The United States meets all four the criteria to qualify as a democracy. In terms of elections, the U.S. holds regular elections for its elected officials at regular intervals, and any qualified U.S. citizen is allowed to cast their vote for their representatives. Additionally, these representatives are other U.S. citizens. Roles in government aren’t passed down from family to family- all citizens in good standing are welcome to run for office regardless of class, gender, or culture. But what about guaranteeing human rights? One look at the Bill of Rights makes this clear. Not only do the amendments to the U.S. Constitution make guarantees about equality and freedom, they also serve as a set of protections for all U.S. citizens from the overreach of government power. And finally, the U.S Constitution serves as the country’s guiding legal document. All other laws must first uphold the laws and rights outlined in the Constitution first! So Now What? Are you reading this post in preparation for the U.S. History AP Exam? If so, you should also check out some of our other resources! We have subject-specific posts like our NATO overview (coming soon!) and a complete guide to AP U.S. History books. If you’re a freshman, sophomore, or junior, you might consider adding a few more AP classes to your schedule. Here’s a complete list of AP courses and tests to help you choose classes that are perfect for you. Are you also considering taking the SAT subject tests in addition to- or instead of!- an AP exam? Make sure you get the inside information on both before you make your decision.